What is Memory Management in C Memory management in C refers to how programs allocate, use, and free memory during execution. In embedded Linux, this is critical due to limited RAM, real-time constraints, and direct hardware access. -> C provides manual memory control using Stack and heap – for automatic vs manual memory malloc() /…

What is a Ring Buffer A circular buffer, also known as a ring buffer, is a fixed-size data structure that wraps around when it reaches the end. Unlike a linear buffer, it uses two pointers — head and tail — to manage data efficiently without shifting elements. It’s ideal for scenarios where data is continuously produced and consumed, such as in…

What is a Stack in C A stack is a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structure used to store temporary data like function calls, local variables, and return addresses. In embedded Linux, stacks are crucial for managing interrupt service routines (ISRs) and context switching. Each process or thread has its own stack, and the kernel uses stacks…

Ohm’s Law Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) Thevenin’s Theorem Superposition Principle Faraday’s Law of Induction Coulomb’s Law / Capacitance Fourier Theorem Shannon’s Channel Capacity Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

The Fundamental Design ARM and RISC-V represent not just competing architectures, but competing philosophies of computing evolution: ARM : RISC-V : Register Set Architecture ARM : RISC-V : Trade-off: ARM = faster context switches, RISC-V = simpler decode, more registers Pipeline Architecture ARM : RISC-V : Trade-off: ARM = proven, power-optimized pipelines; RISC-V = design freedom but you…

Introduction Learn how JSON and XML flow through embedded Linux from hardware registers to applications. Includes APIs, and debugging strategies. In embedded Linux, data isn’t just bits on a wire – it’s the lifeblood of systems that power sensors, IoT devices, and industrial automation. Choosing the right format for configuration and communication (JSON or XML)…